investigatory project

"Bignay as cure for Urinary Tract Infection"

“The effect of antidesma bunius extract to a person with urinary track infection”

Abstract:

       Urinary tract infections are a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year.   Infections of the urinary tract are the second most common type of infection in the body.  Women are especially prone to UTIs for reasons that are not yet well understood. One woman in five develops a UTI during her lifetime. UTIs in men are not as common as in women but can be very serious when they do occur.

       This research project shows that we can produce a herbal medicine out of Bignay fruits for Urinary track infections.   That we can produce this particular medicine with limited financial cost and little of our time.   Because this particular remedy are made of natural fruit extract from bignay (antidesma bunius), it is safe to use. The fruit extract of this fruit has a cytotoxic properties,   which could help for person with urinary track infections and other intestinal problems.

II – Introduction:

Background of the Study

    With the world now facing global recession, economy is always a big issue.  Government spend considerable amount of money to solve it, but what do you think is a possible and easiest way to prevent this crisis?  During this crisis, health is always a wealth.  But sometimes health related problems cannot be avoided, and medicine are not cheap.  But there are always another side of the story, good news is that the use of herbal supplements for medicinal purposes has increased dramatically over the past years.  If used correctly, many herbs are considered safer than conventional medications. 

    The researcher will try to create herbel remedy for Urinary Track Infection using the extract of the natural fruit of Bignay, antidesma bunius as scientific name, that contains cytotoxicity to help person with urinary track infections.

Statement of the Problem:

This study sought to answer the following problems:

1. Can we produce a herbal medicine out of the extract of the natural fruits of bignay for a person with urinary tract infections?
2. Is the herbal medicine safe to use?
3. What are the components of bignay extract that contains enzyme that can help a person with urinary track infections.

Hypothesis:

1. We can produce a herbal medicine out of extract of the natural fruits of bignay for a person with urinary track infections.
2. The herbal medicine is safe to use.
3. Cytotoxicity can help a person with urinary track infections and the fruit of bignay contains it.

Significance of the Study:

    We can produce herbal medicine for person with urinary track infections with limited financial cost and little of our time.   If it happens that you have a tree of bignay or in your neighborhood, you can produce a herbal medicine for urinary track infections, instead of buying some expensive commercial medicine for that particulary sickness.  This research are focus to help anybody to cure urinary track infections.

Objective of the Study:

The objectives of this study are:

1. To make a herbal medicine with the use of bignay fruit extract.
2. To make a non toxic and safe herbal medicine.
3. To lessen the burden of the people who have urinary track infections.

Scope and Delimitation:

1.  This study used only natural fruits of bignay as the herbal medicine.

2.  This is only produced to have a herbal medicine for urinary tract infections and other intestinal problems.

III – Review of Related Literature:

    Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) as define by the Wikipedia.org is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract. Although urine contains a variety of fluids, salts, and waste products, it usually does not have bacteria in it.  When bacteria get into the bladder or kidney and multiply in the urine, they cause a UTI. The most common type of UTI is a bladder infection which is also often called cystitis. Another kind of UTI is a kidney infection, known as pyelonephritis, and is much more serious.

    According to the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC), Urinary Tract Infections are serious health problem affecting millions of people each year.  Infections of the urinary tract are the second most common type of infection in the body.  Urinary Track Infections (UTIs) account for about 8.3 million doctor visit each year.  Women are especially prone to UTIs for reasons that are not yet well understood.   One woman in five develops a UTI during her lifetime.  UTIs in men are not as common as in women but can be very serious when they do occur.

What are the causes of UTI?

    Normally, urine is sterile.  It is usually free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi but does contain fluids, salts, and waste products.  An infection occurs when tiny organisms usually bacteria from the digestive tract cling to the opening of the urethra and begin to multiply.  Most infections arise from one type of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the colon.  Microorganisms called Chlamydia and Mycoplasma may also cause UTIs in both men and women, but these infections tend to remain limited to the urethra and reproductive system.

Who is at risk? 

    Some people are more prone to getting a UTI than others.  People with diabetes have a higher risk of a UTI because of changes in the immune system. Any other disorder that suppress the immune system raises the risk of a urinary infection.  UTIs may occur in infants, both boys and girls, who are born with abnormalities of the urinary tract, which sometimes need to be corrected with surgery. UTIs are more rare in boys and young men.  In adult women though, the rate of UTIs gradually increase with age.   

IV – Materials and Methods

Materials and Equipment to be used:

• Bowl / Glass    
• Bignay fruit
• Spoon    
• Strainer

Procedures:

    Prepare all the materials needed.  Wash the fruit of bignay and remove the seed by using the strainer.  Then, get one teaspoon of the extract and drink it, you can also make a juice by using this extract.  Drink it three times a day, after every meal.

V – Results and Discussion:

Taste of extracted bignay            Observation
Pure extract                                      Sour
With water                                         Less sour
With Sugar                                         Sweet

    According to the table above, it shows that the pure extract of  bignay (antidesma bunius) has a sour taste, and it will taste less sour if you add water, and if you want to it to be undemanding to swallow then you can add some sugar.

Conclusion:

    After the study had been done, the following conclusion were made;

1. We can produce a herbal medicine out of the extract of natural fruits of bignay for the person with urinary track infections.

2. The herbal medicine is safe to use.

3. The extract of bignay contains cytotoxicity, it can help the person with urinary track infection.

Recommendation:

    The following recommendation were given;

1. Use extract of bignay to help you to your problem about intestinal problems, like urinary track infections.

2. Do further study to improve the quality of herbal medicine made.

References:

         http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/urinary_tract_infection

         http://www.filipinoheritage.com/food/fruits/bignay.htm

         http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudseases/pubs/utiadult/index.htm.

         http://www.desert-tropicals.com/plants/euphorbiaceae/antidesma_bunius.html

Investigatory Project created by CEP students

SOURCE: http://hayzkul.blogspot.com/2009/08/bignay-as-cure-for-urinary-track.html

investigatory project

"NAMEI AS RODENT KILLER"

Abstract 

Namei is a root crops that contain a poisonous substance, this root crops is abundant in Occidental Mindoro, the texture and shape are the same as sweet potato with a yellowish color, the vines are full of thorn.

Namie Rat Killer is a quick acting, easy-to-use rodenticide used as additives in baits to control field rats, mice and other harmful rodents. It can be used in open dumps, as torpedo baits as well as in fields of rice, corn, sugar cane and other crops.

Objectives 

To create an economical and effective rodents pesticide in a rural area and also help protect the environment by creating a product that is natural and available for free or can be brought at a low price.

Methodology 

Ingredients
2 Namei Rot Crops



Materials:
Knife 
Piece of Plywood
Mortal and Pestle
Gloves
Wooden Spoon

Procedure:

1. Cut the Namei in small and very thin layer.
2. After you slice it, you need to dry it, put in on the piece of plywood and place it under the direct ray of sun for one week / seven days. From morning until sunset.
3. Since it contains toxic you need to put in a safe place and constantly monitor it to avoid any untoward incidents.
4. After the seven days or one week of drying check if the pieces are brittle.
5. Use mortal and pestle to pulverize the Namei until it becomes powder.

Results and discussion 
How to use these products

Pre-baiting – Prepare crushed rice, corn, dried fish or any foodstuff relished by rats. Place ½ teaspoon of the bait on Banana Leaves where rats regularly frequent or near their burrows. Pre-baiting may be continued for 2 days to ensure acceptance of the bait.

Poisoned baits – use the same materials as used in the pre-baiting. Mix thoroughly 2 – 3 grams powder of Namei rat killer with every 100 grams of bait materials. Put the poisoned baits in places where rats have eaten the poison-free baits. Be sure to put the poisoned baits at night in place where it can not be reached by domestic animals. The poison baiting will be for one day only. Remove and bury all leftovers. If rat nuisance reoccurs, carry out similar baiting procedure after 2 weeks.

Advantage and Disadvantage
Advantages:


It can save you money and most of all its good for environment since the product are natural.

Disadvantages:

Since it is toxic you need to be very careful in handling and storing to avoid accidentally being swallowed, inhaled or absorb through the skin, it may cause harmful side effect or even death.

Warning:
This product is harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

Precaution:

Namei Rat Killer can causes death when inhaled or swallowed. Avoid handling with bare hands. Use rubber gloves or wooden spoon. In case of skin contact wash the affected area immediately.

Storage and Disposal:

Store in a sealed container and place it in dry, well-built, well-lit and ventilated rooms/premises with sufficient dimensions to avoid other contamination with other materials or products, especially food supply and keep under lock and key. Remove destroy and bury all empty containers, surplus material, left over baits and animals killed by Namei Rat Killer far away from human habitation so as to prevent environment/water pollution and protect scavenging birds and animals.

Conclusions

Using the Namei as a rat killer is proven effective and economical and environment friendly.

Recommendations

Need further study to improve the product.

Bibliography

Namei – is a kind of root crops that contain a poisonous substance. This kind of root crops is abundant in Occidental Mindoro. This root crops is like a potato, it’s color yellow.


SOURCE: http://hayzkul.blogspot.com/2009/11/natural-dyes-from-plants-in-producing.html

investigatory project

"Purify Water Using Recycled Plastic Bottle and the Sun"

Abstract 

What is water purification?

According to Wikipedia “it is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, materials, and biological contaminants from raw water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water) … …In general the methods used include physical process such as filtration and sedimentation, biological processes such as slow sand filters or activated sludge, chemical process such as flocculation and chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.”

Among the methods mentioned above, the most and probably the cheapest way to clean water is using ultraviolet light, since we are using recycled plastic bottle, it is appropriate that we use also a renewable source of energy which is probably the most available of them all, the “SUN”.

Statement of problems/objectives

 General

To be able to purify water using recycled materials and renewable source of energy.

 Specific

1. Is it possible to purify water using recycled plastic bottle?
2. Can we use the sun as the source of energy?
3. Is it safe for human consumption?

Methodology 

Materials/Equipment 

1. 2 pcs Recycled Plastic Water Bottle
2. Short tube
3. Any kind of tape that is water proof, (mask, duct, pack)
4. A sunny day.

Procedure

Clean 1 of the bottle, no need to clean the other one, since it will hold the dirty water that we will be purified. (if you want you can clean it too).  Punch a hole in the two (2) bottle cap, to accommodate the tube, then tape both cap on each end, making sure that they are water tight.  Then take one (1) of the bottle and fill it up with dirty water, put the cap, tape it to make sure it doesn’t leak.  Put the other cap on the clean bottle, tape it also.  Place the bottle with dirty water in an area where sun is shining; make sure that it is lower than the clean bottle.  You should cover the clean bottle from the sun, making sure that it will not evaporate back, a handkerchief will do, shirt or even leaves.  Wait for most of the water to evaporate into the clean bottle. (this might take many hours, depending on the temperature of the sun.) Carefully remove the clean bottle and you can now drink the fresh water in that bottle.

Results and discussion

Findings

This study focuses only if it is feasible to purify water using recycled plastic bottle and the sun as the energy. According to the experiment it is possible to do just that.

Wondering how it works? The water on other bottle will undergo the process of evaporation by the radiation of the sun, the evaporated water will be collected on the other bottle, giving you purified water.

Analysis of Data

Since the experiment needs only to produce purified water using recycled plastic bottle and the energy of the sun, no data are collected. It needs only to describe the procedure.

Conclusions

By doing this simple procedure using recycled materials and renewable source of energy, we can purify water with less or no cost at all. It is also proven to be safe for human consumption, since evaporation using the radiation of the sun, is somewhat similar to boiling water in fire, the only difference is the quantity and the length of time.

Recommendations

According to WHO director, 2.5 million people die from drinking unsafe water every year. A total of 3.4 million people. mostly children, die every year from water-related diseases from drinking, swimming in or washing clothes in polluted water.

This simple, basic and DIY (Do-It-Yourself) water purification will help benefit the people in an area where safe drinking water is scarce. Since this method is highly reliable, and proven to work around the world. We can educate people in rural areas to use this method.

Further research on using this in a larger scale is needed, this method also is even more effective when the bottom half of the bottle is painted black or place on the roof with corrugated iron painted also with black help absorb more heat of the sun.

* Be careful with what you put on the dirty bottle, since on one site I visited, the food coloring they put on the water seems to be collected also on the evaporation.

Bibliography

http://www.recyclingpoint.com.sg/Articles/23Mar2001Sun_soda_bottles.htm

http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/sepp/2006/03/24/lowtech_solar_water_purification_it_works.htm

  

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CB3s9Qa8hn0&feature=PlayList&p=E228F96167487340&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=10

COURTESY: http://hayzkul.blogspot.com/2009/08/purify-water-using-recycled-plastic.html

investigatory project

"ALOE VERA EXTRACT AS HAIR GROWER AND SAMPAGUITA AS FRAGRANT"

Abstract:

Hair loss is a problem that faces millions of people, including men, women and even children.  Aloe Vera has been used by many different cultures to stimulate hair growth, and it is safe, natural and affordable. It’s no secret that Aloe Vera is good for your hair and scalp.  If you are suffering from excessive hair loss, reducing the amount of chemicals you put in your hair is an important first step.

Use aloe Vera gel to treat the areas of the scalp that are going bald. Aloe Vera contains an enzyme that helps promote new hair growth for some people. The gel can be applied directly to the scalp, as aloe Vera typically has no side effects.

Sampaguita, the national flower of the Philippines, It’s fragrance can be a bit cloying in a small space like an automobile, hanging from the rear-view mirror… but out in a natural setting like a garden, an occasional whiff of sweet scent drifting over from a large flowering bush is most pleasant, the researcher will use the Sampaguita extract as a fragrant to Aloe Vera extract.

Introduction:Long before modern medicines and Western curative methods herbal medicines had been widely used in the Philippines. The use of herbal supplements for medicinal purposes has increased dramatically over the past years. If used correctly, many herbs are considered safer than conventional medications.

During this time of economic crisis, it’s time to circle the wagons and consider some measures to carry on. This investigatory project is intended to use Aloe Vera extract as a hair grower and Sampaguita flower extract as fragrant. Using this plants which is easy to find in the neighborhood the researcher will create a hair grower which is cheap and easy, and of course herbal.

Significance of the Study:

The researcher will aim to produce a hair grower without spending money and just a little of a time. People with hair loss will benefit from this study, not only it will help them treat hair problem it will also help them save money by not spending much on a commercially produce hair grow product in the market, which also reduce the amount of chemical that they put on their scalp. On the other hand it will also help them reap some additional income if they decided to sell some for the other.

Statement of the Problem:
This study should answer the following problems:

1. Does the experiment work?
2. What will happen if we combine the extract of Sampaguita and aloe Vera.
3. Can we really produce a hair grower out of aloe Vera and Sampaguita as a fragrant?

Hypothesis:The experiment proves to be successful, in a fact that curative effects of this herb has been handed down from generation to generation by the traditional healers. Since the Aloe Vera extract are proven to be effective it will encourage more people to use it if the smell is also good, and we achieve that by using Sampaguita flower extract as fragrant.  

We can produce a hair grower out of Aloe Vera and Sampaguita flower extract.

Objective of the Study:The objectives of the study are:

1. To make hair grower cost-effective.
2. To make a safe and herbal hair grower.
3. To help people with hair lost problem.

Methodology:Materials and equipments to be used.

• Bowl
• Mortar & Pestle / Almeres 
• Bottle or Glass
• Strainer / Cotton cloth
• Sampaguita
• Aloe Vera

Procedure:

Place the Aloe Vera leaves in the mortar (bowl) in small quantities; Use some downward pressure over the leaves with the pestle (pounder); Turn the pestle in a circular motion around the mortar, maneuvering it back and forth with a bit of pressure over still unbroken pieces. Use the strainer or a clean cotton cloth to get the Aloe Vera extract, repeat the procedure again for the Sampaguita flower, then put some Sampaguita extract on Aloe Vera extract in accordance to the desired scent. Put it in a clean bottle for future use. To use, just rub it on an area where you want hair to grow.

Scope and Delimitation:This study has the following scopes and delimitation.

This study only used aloe Vera and Sampaguita. In our observations, the aloe Vera is very effective as a hair grower. The effect seems to be effective after weeks of use, but immediately after you apply on the scalp, you will feel that the area are thicker than the untreated area of a scalp.

Sampaguita flower extract is used as a fragrant. 
Producing Aloe Vera extract as cheep and safe alternative hair grower. 

Review of Related Literature:According to ehealthMD the medical term for hair loss is alopecia, there are different classification of alopecia, alopecia areata, is a disease in which well-defined bald patches occur. Alopecia totalis, is an uncommon condition in which all hair on the scalp is lost. The cause is unknown. Alopecia universalis, is a total loss of hair on all parts of the body. Androgenetic alopecia is balding caused by heredity. Most people routinely lose between 70 and 150 hairs from their scalp each day, mainly through washing, brushing and combing, scalp hair starts to thin when more hair are lost through normal shedding that the scalp is able to renew. About 40% of the density of scalp hair has to be lost before thinning of the hair becomes noticeable.

Hair loss can be caused by:

Heredity: Most balding is caused by a genetic predisposition – in other words it’s part of a person’s genetic makeup. The sometimes, illness, certain physical conditions, or their treatments. This can include high fever, thyroid disease, childbirth, inadequate protein in the diet, iron deficiency, cancer treatments, the use of certain medications, and other causes.

As remedy

Aloe Vera: According to ezinearticles.com, Aloe Vera has been used by Native Americans, Indians and many in the Caribbean to promote healthy hair and prevent hair loss. Aloe's can help the scalp by healing it and balancing the pH level of the scalp while cleansing the pores. A common preparation of Aloe Vera gel with a small amount of wheat germ oil and coconut milk is used as a shampoo and has traditionally shown great benefit.

Fragrant

Sampaguita : Juvy (author of the http://theflowerexpert.com) say, It's known by a million other names: Jasmine sambac, Arabian jasmine, pikake, mogra, kampupot, melati, mallipu…but to me, that flower is Sampaguita, and I refuse to know it by any other name. Sampaguita is considered as a symbol of fidelity, purity, devotion, strength and dedication. In the Philippines, the Sampaguita is called by various names: sambac, sampaguna, campopot, lumabi, kulatai, pongo, malur and manul. The name Sampaguita is a Spanish term that comes from the Filipino words “sumpa kita,” which mean “I promise you.”

Definitions and Terms:

Aloe Vera – Aloe vera (syn A. barbadensis Mill., A. vulgaris Lam.) is a species of Aloe, native to northern Africa. It is a stemless or very short-stemmed succulent plant growing to 80-100 cm tall, spreading by offsets and root sprouts. The leaves are lanceolate, thick and fleshy, green to grey-green, with a serrated margin. The flowers are produced on a spike up to 90 cm tall, each flower pendulous, with a yellow tubular corolla 2-3 cm long..

Sampaguita – It is an evergreen vine or shrub reaching up to 1-3 m tall. The leaves are opposite or in whorls of three, simple (not pinnate, like most other jasmines), ovate, 4-12.5 cm long and 2-7.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in clusters of 3-12 together, strongly scented, with a white corolla 2-3 cm diameter with 5-9 lobes. The flowers open at night, and close in the morning. The fuit is a purple-black berry 1 cm in diameter.

Data to be Collected:This study only needs to produce hair grower out of Aloe Vera and Sampaguita extract, so no data will be collected. It only needs to describe the procedure.

Conclusion:After the study had been done, the following conclusion was made.

We can make a hair grower out of aloe Vera and Sampaguita extract.

The produced hair grower is safe to use for the reason that it doesn’t contain any chemical.
The Sampaguita is one of the finest flowers to make the hair grower smell good.

Recommendation:The following recommendation was given.

1. Test other flowers extract as fragrant on your hair grower.
2. Study all about hair lost and the effect of herbal hair grower.
3. Do further study to improve the quality of the hair grower produced.

 

References:

          http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/aloe_vera

          http:// www.ehealthmd.com/library/hairloss/hl_whatis.html

          http://sniffapaloozamagazine.com/articles.html

          http://ezinearticles.com/?natural-hair-lost-remedies&id=7931

          http://theflowerexpert.com/content/aboutflowers/tropicalflowers/sampaguita

Investigatory Project created by CEP students

COURTESY: http://hayzkul.blogspot.com/2009/08/aloe-vera-extract-as-hair-grower-and.html